Week 22

Brief: Further research

Group Partners: Xin, Jae. Lulu, Chun

Trust between individuals:

1. Humans are born physically premature and highly dependent on caretakers.

Erik erickson's psychosocial development (verywell mind, 2018)

2. Biological

Paul Zak has demonstrated that oxytocin, boost both trust and trustworthiness between people playing experimental trust games.

3. Physical

Psychologist Dacher Keltner and others have shown, physical touch has a strong connection to the experience of trust. e.g American handshake

4. Social identity approach

social categorization (in-groups & out-groups) The concept of social categorization mentioned about people are individuals looking for similarities. For those who have the same backgrounds or any other experiences in common would be the in-group members. People would have a higher trust level for in-group members than out-group members. (Krupp, 2008)

Trust between individuals and government system

Correlation between individualism with high-trust societies and collectivism with low-trust societies (Hopkins, 2011)

Self-governance,ability of different groups peoples to organize effectively for commercial purposes without depending on blood ties or government intervention. (Fukuyama, 1996)

"Insisting that we cannot divorce economic life from cultural life, he contends that in an era when social capital may be as important as physical capital, only those societies with a high degree of social trust will be able to create the flexible, large-scale business organizations that are needed to compete in the new global economy."

Psychological research reveals how compliance with the law depends more on public trust in the motives of the police and courts than on fear of punishment. (Cook, 2003)

Average trust in the police tends to be higher than trust in the political and the legal systems. And trust in the political system is particularly low – in fact much lower than interpersonal trust for all countries except Switzerland

The figure shows a strong positive relationship: countries where people are more likely to report trusting others, are also countries where there is less violence and more political stability and accountability.

2020, 45% feel their views are not represented in British politics.

2018, lower than 50% people have trust in media, government, and business.

57% of people thinks their views are not well presented by people in politics.

How to build trust between individuals

Communication (express, especially during tough time)

Be vulnerable (gradually)

Shallow trust - Social psychologist David Messick describe the kinds of small but productive behaviors through which we can communicate our own willingness to trust.

Escape Clause (fairness)

Trust the role, not the person

References:

Centre For Public Scrutiny. (2018). Why trust in government matters. [online] Available at: https://www.cfps.org.uk/trust-government-matters/ [Accessed 26 Apr. 2020].

Centre For Public Scrutiny. (2018). Why trust in government matters. [online] Available at: https://www.cfps.org.uk/trust-government-matters/.

Cook, K., 2003. Trust In Society. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Edelman. (n.d.). 2020 Trust Barometer UK Results. [online] Available at: https://www.edelman.co.uk/research/2020-trust-barometer-uk-results [Accessed 26 Apr. 2020].

Fukuyama, F. (1996). Trust : the social virtues and the creation of prosperity. London: Penguin.

Harvard Business Review. (2014). Rethinking Trust. [online] Available at: https://hbr.org/2009/06/rethinking-trust.

Hopkins, B. (2011). Cultural Differences and Improving Performance: How Values and Beliefs Influence Organizational Performance. Development and Learning in Organizations: An International Journal, 25(4).

https://www.facebook.com/verywell (2018). Trust vs. Mistrust: Learning to Trust the World Around Us. [online] Verywell Mind. Available at: https://www.verywellmind.com/trust-versus-mistrust-2795741.

Krupp, D.B., Debruine, L.M. and Barclay, P., 2008. A cue of kinship promotes cooperation for the public good. Evolution and Human Behavior, 29(1), pp.49-55.

Ortiz-Ospina, E. and Roser, M. (2013). Trust. [online] Our World in Data. Available at: https://ourworldindata.org/trust.

Ortiz-Ospina, E. and Roser, M. (2016). Trust. Our World in Data. [online] Available at: https://ourworldindata.org/trust#note-25 [Accessed 26 Apr. 2020].

Psychology Today. (n.d.). 7 Ways to Build Trust in a Relationship. [online] Available at: https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/friendship-20/201812/7-ways-build-trust-in-relationship [Accessed 26 Apr. 2020].

Simplypsychology.org. (2019). Social Identity Theory | Simply Psychology. [online] Available at: https://www.simplypsychology.org/social-identity-theory.html.

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